insolation reflection absorption radiation

atmospher clouds surface

what are we doing that influence these? (activity, describe the change, explin the impact)

Net Radiation balance

incoming short-wave radiation

energy from the sun(source)

heats the earth directly

outgoing long-wave radiation

energy emitted by the earth(cold body)

radiates into spaces

trapped by atmosphers and returned to earth's surface

name the layers of our earth's atmopher

what is isolation

what is cadiation what is longwave/shortwave mradiation

what is the greenhouse effect?what is the enhence greenhouse effect?

factors affecting energy budget: insolation

natural:

-solar cycle

-earth's orbit and tilt

-seasons

-volcanic eruptions

human:

-air pollution

gh effect

created by greenhouse gases

-Allow short=-wave radiation to pass through

-trap long-wave radiation

-composition of gh gas

water vapour:95% of colume~50& of natural effect

carbon dioxide ：~50% of human-induced effect

mathane:~15% of human-indeced effect; increasing 15 per year

chlorofluorocaebons: ~10% of human-induced effect; 10,000 times more efficient then carbon dioxide

variations in solar radiation

natural change

long-term cycles causing maoe changes

11-year solar cycle

milankovirch cycles

graph: solar cycle variations, milankovitch cycles

global dimming

cooling effect of increased reflectivity due to air pollution

natural change

short-term natural effect- volcanic eruptions

feedback loops

when outputs of a system become inputs of the same system due to cause-and-effect

c;oses the system to become a circuit

can be positive (better and better) or negative (worse and worse)

temperature increase--

---evapuration increase---more rain- --teperature decrease

---snow melt increase---albedo decrease---absorb more heat---temperature increase

consequences of global climate change (with evaluation)

major implicarions:

-changes to hydrosohere

softwater, freshwater, crysphere

-changes in carbon stores

oil, undersea, forest

-extreme weather events

tropical: more heat more rain more strom

-changes in biomes

-effects on agriculture

-impact of change on people and places

evaluation:

coverage and volume of sea ice and glaciers

-ocean salinity

-planetary albedo

-river characteristics

sea level

-tides

-storm surges

ocean temperatures

oceans

-acidicy

-plankton

biosphere

-vegetation

-wildfires

ice

-permafrost

the carbon cycle

igneous rock-granite

sadimentary rock-lime stone

metamorphic rock-marble

evapotranspiration

cloud formation

precipitation

pressure gradient

change in biomes

migration of living organisms

-latituudinal

-altitudinal

habitat

-soil

-vegetation

animal migration

-timing

-distance

changes to agriculture

crop yield

cultivation

-location

-access to water

soil erosion

-fertiliy

health hazards

-mosquito borne diseases

-heat injuries

migration

-environmental refugees

ocean transport routes

-shipping

-tourism

Dhaka

confluence of two rivers

NGO: educate (alternativee lifehood, tempary shelers) and support

local support and adoption

healthcare: increases in patient-unclean water, increased temperature, more people

scientist: threats-rainfall increase-more flooding and soil erosion; cyclones; internal displacement ( crime,,forced strained drainge)

costal villagers: lose houses;lose livelihood-farmland destoryed and soltwater intrusion

riverside villeagers: river erosion; families split

slum dwellers: rural farmer to urban poor;s hared facilities; cramped condition； jobs mismatch-underemployment; child labours

urban swellers: flodwater (dismiss, pollution) lost personal property

social business workers: make adoptions; losing customers

Factor affecting vulnerability

exposure

coastal area

sensitivity

tropical monsoon; desert

adaptive capacity

developed

different place with different solution

1.governemnt-leed solution

kyoto protocol

paris agreement

personal mobility devices (PMD)-----last mile